Enlightenment PP Notes

lThe Enlightenment
lVoltaire – Enlightened monarch, religious tolerance, rights to property, respect of man
lRousseau – General will, the Social Contract, child development, passion in writing
lLocke – All men can reason, “life, liberty and property,” men are a “clean slate” upon which their experiences write
lDiderot – Created the concept of encyclopedia, developed the idea that blind could read
lLater Thinkers
lKarl Marx – Believed in the proletariat and father of modern communism (early19th)
lDarwin – Theory of evolution
lEinstein – Theory of relativity
lFreud – Idea of unconscious mind, Id, Super Ego, Ego
lForces of Change
lPopulation boom in Europe
lPotato crops
lImprovement in agriculture
lIndustrialization of factories
lShift in intellectual thought
lSpread of ideas: communication
lEducation and literacy
lWestern expansion
lDevelopment of new ruling/business models
lThe Age of Revolution
lMove away from monarchies
lParliaments
lRepresentation
lFreedom of ideas and speech
lAwareness and interest of the people
lLimited power: government, church
lMarket economies
lAmerican Revolution
lThe Stamp Act 1765
l“ No taxation without representation”
lDivergence of national interests
lNeed for different laws
lFrench Revolution
l1789 - 1815
lMirabeau – constitutional monarchy
lDanton – the beginnings of Politicians
lRobespierre – the “Incorruptible”
lCondorcet – man of the enlightenment
lMarat – Extremist leader
lNapoleon – Military leader, dictator
lThe Industrial Revolution
l1848
lBritain to Western Europe to the United States
lChange social structure and cultural values forever
lChanged working environments and revenue potential
lSocial Changes
lPeople left the country, for city life
lChild labor decreased, children became valued
lMore adults used to run factories
l Women
lCultural Shifts
lConsumption and consumerism
l“Middle class” values
lBeginnings of product crazes (Popular culture)
lConsolidation of the Industrial Order
lContinued after 1850
lUnification in Germany and Italy
lRise of socialism
lStandard of living improved
lSlow population growth
lRise of capitalism and industry (U.S.)
lRailroads
lWestern World
lEconomic dependency, political support, colonization
lBroadening reach:
–Social/cultural values
–Institutions
–Arts/science/philosophies
lRising tensions in Europe
lLoss of colonies
lTriple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
lTriple Entente: Britain, Russia, France