Sunday, March 7, 2010

WWI PP Notes

World War I

Heir to Austrian-Hungarian throne (Archduke Francis Ferdinand) was assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia mobilizes for war
Germany, as Austria’s ally, declares war on Russia


France, agrees to support Russia so
Germany declares war on France
Germany invades neutral Belgium to get to France
Britain, upset by this violation, declares war on Germany
A New Kind of War
Trench warfare
Handheld machine guns
Tanks
Poison gas
Submarines
Airplanes

Fronts
The Western Front (Trenches)
The Eastern Front (large area mostly in Russia)
The Third Front (Border between Austria-Hungary and Italy)
Other fronts: Middles East, Africa and Mesopotamia
Major Battles
Battle of Tannenberg Aug 26-30, 1914
Battle of Gallipoli begins Apr 25, 1915
Battle of Verdun Feb 21 – Dec 18, 1916
The Somme Offensive Jul 1- Nov 19, 1916
Allied Counteroffensive Nov 11, 1918


Allied Powers:
Serbia
Russia
France
Britain
U.S.
Europe 1914
Treaty of Versailles

Austria-Hungary was divided into Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Yugoslavia
Germany lost land to Poland and France and its colonial empire was divided
Germany had to pay $33 billion to the allies
Russia lost territory to Poland and the Baltic states

Europe after 1918



Hunger, disease, lack of men to work farmland, and industry (and reproduce)
Ottoman Empire ceased
Arabs gained a nation, but under British supervision
Jewish/Palestinian conflict is fueled
Russia shifted into the communist era
Armenians were displaced
More than 400,000 children orphaned in France alone
The Great Depression
October 1929
World wide economic depression
U.S. and European industry suffered
Long term economic instabilities elsewhere, led to crisis
Extremist political groups stagnated economic growth
Inflation (currency devaluation)

Start of chronic over production in farms
Prices dropped NEW YORK stock market crashed 1929
Defaulted loans
Banks failed
Investment capital dried up
Industrial production fell further
Low wages, high unemployment
National policies could not remedy

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